Vol. 6, 28 March 2024
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
In the era of the 21st-century knowledge economy, research universities serve as strategic pillars for fostering an innovative nation, leveraging their unique strengths to establish national scientific and technological forces that support high-level self-reliance in science and technology. Meanwhile, the professional development of lecturers constitutes a crucial component of research activities within these institutions. Nevertheless, inadequate research has been conducted in this domain, leading to a deficiency in societal impact. This study employs content analysis to explore the lecturer’s professional development in business school and to build a model of the lecturer’s professional development in the business school of research universities in the 21st century. According to the content analysis, the results indicate that lecturers effectively advance their professional development by fully exploiting the ample resources offered by business schools within research universities, integrating their attributes, international training programs, and scientific research for personal enrichment. The article suggests establishing a novel mechanism to foster the professional development of lecturers and facilitate the exchange and recruitment of talented individuals. Encourage professional development among lecturers and foster the dissemination of innovative resources, ultimately resulting in heightened production of high-quality research in academic institutions.
professional development, lecturer professional development, business school, research university, 21st century
1. Abzug, R. (2022). Structural drivers and barriers to the strategic integration of sustainability in US B-schools. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 24(5), 986–1001. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-10-2021-0433
2. Alhassan, A. (2021). Challenges and professional development needs of EMI lecturers in Omani Higher Education. SAGE Open, 11(4), 215824402110615. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211061527
3. Avalos, B. (2011). Teacher Professional Development in teaching and teacher education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(1), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007
4. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986(23-28).
5. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191
6. Bennett, R. (2006). Business lecturers’ perceptions of the nature of entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 12(3), 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550610667440
7. Boulton, G., & Lucas, C. (2011). What are universities for?. Chinese Science Bulletin, 56, 2506-2517. https://doi: 10.1007/s11434-011-4608-7
8. Brouwer, N., Joling, E., & Kaper, W. (2022). Effect of a person-centred, tailor-made, teaching practice-oriented training programme on continuous professional development of STEM lecturers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 119, 103848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103848
9. Chauhan, S., Goyal, S., Bhardwaj, A. K., Sergi, B. S. (2021). Examining continuance intention in business schools with digital classroom methods during COVID-19: A comparative study of India and Italy. Behavior Information Technology, 41(8), 1596–1619. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2021.1892191
10. Chen, R. T. H. (2018). University lecturers’ experiences of teaching in English in an international classroom. Teaching in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2018.1527764
11. Chia, R. (1996). Teaching paradigm shifting in management education: University Business Schools and the entrepreneurial imagination. Journal of Management Studies, 33(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1996.tb00162.x
12. Choi, J.J., Robb, C. A., Mifli, M., & Zainuddin, Z. (2021). University students’ perception to online class delivery methods during the COVID-19 pandemic: A focus on hospitality education in Korea and Malaysia. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education, 29, 100336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100336
13. Cooper, S., Parkes, C., & Blewitt, J. (2014). CAN accreditation help a leopard change its spots? Social accountability and stakeholder engagement in business schools. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 27(2), 234–258. https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-07-2012-01062
14. Davies, J., Thomas, H., Cornuel, E., & Cremer, R. D. (2023). Leading a business school. Taylor & Francis Group.
15. Denman, B. (2009), What is a University in the 21st Century?. Higher Education Management and Policy, vol. 17(2),9-28. https://doi.org/10.1787/hemp-v17-art8-en
16. Downe‐Wamboldt, B. (1992). Content analysis: method, applications, and issues. Health care for women international, 13(3), 313-321.https://doi.org/10.1080/07399339209516006
17. Duriau, V. J., Reger, R. K., & Pfarrer, M. D. (2007). A content analysis of the Content Analysis Literature in Organization Studies: Research Themes, data sources, and methodological refinements. Organizational Research Methods, 10(1), 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428106289252
18. El, A. A. M. M. A. (2023). The role of educational initiatives in EFL teacher professional development: a study of teacher mentors’ perspectives. Heliyon, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13342
19. Ferman, T. (2002). Academic professional development practice: What lecturers find valuable. International Journal for Academic Development, 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144032000071305
20. Gong, Y., MacPhail, A., Guberman, A. (2021). Professional learning and development needs of Chinese University-based Physical Education teacher educators. European Journal of Teacher Education, 46(1), 154–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1892638
21. Gribling, M., Duberley, J. (2020). Global competitive pressures and career ecosystems: Contrasting the performance management systems in UK and French Business Schools. Personnel Review, 50(5), 1409–1425. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-05-2019-0250
22. ] Gujarathi, M. R., & McQuade, R. J. (2002). Service-learning in business schools: A case study in an intermediate accounting course. Journal of Education for Business, 77(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832320209599063
23. Guskey, T. R. (2002). Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and Teaching, 8(3), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/135406002100000512
24. Hammond, K., Harmon, H., Webster, R., Rayburn, M. (2004). University Strategic Marketing Activities and Business School Performance. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 22(7), 732–741. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500410568565
25. Huang, B., Jong, M. S. Y., Tu, Y. F., Hwang, G. J., Chai, C. S., & Jiang, M. Y. C. (2022). Trends and exemplary practices of STEM teacher professional development programs in K-12 contexts: A systematic review of empirical studies. Computers & Education, 104577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104577
26. King, F. (2013). Evaluating the impact of teacher professional development: An evidence-based framework. Professional Development in Education, 40(1), 89–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2013.823099
27. Klassen, R. M., & Tze, V. M. C. (2014). Teachers’ self-efficacy, personality, and teaching effectiveness: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 12, 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2014.06.001
28. Kociatkiewicz, J., Kostera, M., Zueva, A. (2022). The ghost of capitalism: A guide to seeing, naming and exorcising the spectre haunting the business school. Management Learning, 53(2), 310–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505076211005810
29. Krishna, A., & Orhun, A. Y. (2021). Gender (still) matters in Business School. Journal of Marketing Research, 59(1), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022243720972368
30. Kusters, M., van der Rijst, R., de Vetten, A., Admiraal, W. (2023). University lecturers as change agents: How do they perceive their professional agency? Teaching and Teacher Education, 127, 104097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104097
31. Lai, H.M., Hsiao, Y.L., Hsieh, P.J. (2018). The role of motivation, ability, and opportunity in university teachers’ continuance use intention for flipped teaching. Computers & Education, 124, 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.013
32. Li, J., Xue, E., Li, J., & Xue, E. (2021). The policy analysis of creating world-class universities in China. Creating World-Class Universities in China: Ideas, Policies, and Efforts, 1-33.
33. Liang, J., Ell, F., Meissel, K. (2023). Who do they think they are? professional identity of Chinese University-based teacher educators. European Journal of Teacher Education, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2023.2191814
34. Liu, H. (2022). Teaching for freedom, caring for ourselves. Journal of Marketing Management, 39(1–2), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.2022.2131268
35. Loads, D. J. (2009). Putting ourselves in the picture: art workshops in the professional development of university lecturers. International Journal for Academic Development, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/13601440802659452
36. Maor, D. (2006). Using reflective diagrams in professional development with university lecturers: A developmental tool in online teaching. The Internet and Higher Education, 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2006.03.005
37. Mariam, S., Khawaja, K. F., Qaisar, M. N., & Ahmad, F. (2023). Blended learning sustainability in business schools: Role of quality of online teaching and immersive learning experience. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2), 100776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100776
38. Miles, M. P., Grimmer, M., & Franklin, G. M. (2016). How well do AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS manage their brands?. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 34(1), 99-116. https://doi.org/10.1108/mip-06-2014-0100
39. Opfer, V. D., & Pedder, D. (2011). The lost promise of teacher professional development in England. European Journal of Teacher Education, 34(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2010.534131
40. Pekkarinen, V., & Hirsto, L. (2017). University lecturers’ experiences of and reflections on the development of their pedagogical competency. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 61(6), 735-753. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2016.1188148
41. Postholm, M. B. (2012). Teachers’ professional development: A theoretical review. Educational Research, 54(4), 405–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2012.734725
42. Rao, Z., & Huang, Y. (2023). The impact of International Exchange and cooperation on the scientific research performance of local universities. International Journal of Education and Humanities, 10(2), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v10i2.11586
43. Renz, S. M., Carrington, J. M., Badger, T. A. (2018). Two strategies for qualitative content analysis: An intramethod approach to triangulation. Qualitative Health Research, 28(5), 824–831. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732317753586
44. Redgrave, S. D., Grinevich, V., Chao, D. (2022). The relevance and impact of business schools: In search of a holistic view. International Journal of Management Reviews, 25(2), 340–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12312
45. Runhaar, P., Bouwmans, M., & Vermeulen, M. (2019). Exploring teachers’ career self-management. considering the roles of organizational career management, occupational self-efficacy, and learning goal orientation. Human Resource Development International, 22(4), 364–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2019.1607675
46. Saavedra, A. R., & Opfer, V. D. (2012). Learning 21st-century skills requires 21st-century teaching. Phi Delta Kappan, 94(2), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172171209400203
47. Sancar, R., Atal, D., Deryakulu, D. (2021). A new framework for teachers’ Professional Development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 101, 103305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103305
48. Scott, T., Guan, W., Han, H., Zou, X., Chen, Y. (2023). The impact of academic optimism, institutional policy and support, and self-efficacy on university instructors’ continuous professional development in mainland China. SAGE Open, 13(1), 215824402311533. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231153339
49. Sison, A. J. G., & Redín, D. M. (2023). If MacIntyre ran a business school… how practical wisdom can be developed in management education. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 32(1), 274-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12471
50. Soliman, M., Di Virgilio, F., Figueiredo, R., Sousa, M. J. (2021). The impact of workplace spirituality on lecturers’ attitudes in tourism and Hospitality Higher Education Institutions. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38, 100826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100826
51. Surahman, E., & Wang, T.H. (2023). In-service STEM Teachers Professional Development Programmes: A systematic literature review 2018–2022. Teaching and Teacher Education, 135, 104326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104326
52. Tigelaar, D. E. H., Dolmans, D. H. J. M., Meijer, P. C., de Grave, W. S., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2008). Teachers’ Interactions and their Collaborative Reflection Processes during Peer Meetings. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 289–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-006-9040-4
53. Valentín, E. M. M. (2000). University—industry cooperation: A framework of benefits and obstacles. Industry and Higher Education, 14(3), 165-172. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000000101295011
54. Vereijken, M. W., van der Rijst, R. M. (2021). Subject matter pedagogy in university teaching: How lecturers use relations between theory and Practice. Teaching in Higher Education, 28(4), 880–893. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1863352
55. Villegas-Reimers, E. (2003). Teacher professional development: An international review of the literature. International Institute for Educational Planning.
56. Wayne, A. J., Yoon, K. S., Zhu, P., Cronen, S., Garet, M. S. (2008). Experimenting with teacher professional development: Motives and methods. Educational Researcher, 37(8), 469–479. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x08327154
57. White, M. D., Marsh, E. E. (2006). Content analysis: A flexible methodology. Library Trends, 55(1), 22–45. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2006.0053
58. Williams, Z. B. (2021). The impact of business program accreditation on Ranking and enrollment for HBCU Schools. Research Journal of Business and Management, 8(4), 233-242.https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2021.1465
59. Yang, G. L., Fukuyama, H., & Song, Y. Y. (2018). Measuring the inefficiency of Chinese research universities based on a two-stage network DEA model. Journal of Informetrics, 12(1), 10-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.11.002
60. Yuan, G., Gao, Y. (2021). Factors impacting an overseas continuing professional development programme: Chinese teachers’ voices. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 43(1), 270–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2021.1918631
61. Zhang, H., Patton, D., & Kenney, M. (2013). Building global-class universities: Assessing the impact of the 985 Project. Research Policy, 42(3), 765-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.10.009
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Authors who publish this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open Access Instruction).