Advances in Social Behavior Research
ASBR ICEIPI 2022, 02 February 2023
Open
Access | Article
Realist and Internationalist Perspectives of WTO Reform Challenges From the US-China Trade War and Broader Questioning of the International Trade System
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
During its twenty years, WTO’s longstanding commitment to forming the multilateral international trade freedom shaped the rule and system among its hundreds of members. The trading world has been a seamless façade, covering the increasingly revolutionary change of a new, emerging order. The conundrum of WTO reform has been a consequence of global economic imbalance and political conflicts. Two representatives of the world’s extreme ideologies once again compete against each other for decades without effective resolution. WTO needs self-reform, not only for its own international jurisdiction and jurisprudence, but more of the collaboration from a settled international economic and free trade community. We will discuss the relevant elements from two different perspectives from institutionalism and realism.
Keywords
realism, US-China trade war, institutionalism, WTO reform, international trade order
References
1. Murrill, B. J., (2019). The WTO’s Appellate Body Loses Its Quorum: Is This the Beginning of the End for the “Rules-Based Trading System”? https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10385.
2. Teslik, A., (2021). Is the WTO the Worst of Both Worlds for U.S.-China Tech Competition? www.lawfareblog.com/wto-worst-both-worlds-us-china-tech-competition.
3. Rathore, A., and Bajpai, A., (2020). The WTO Appellate Body Crisis: How We Got Here and What Lies Ahead? https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2020/04/rathore-bajpai-wto-appellate-body-crisis/.
4. Pimentel, F., (2020). Advantages and Disadvantages of Selling to Chinese State-Owned…. kahnlitwin.com/blogs/tax-blog/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-selling-to-chinese-st ate-owned-enterprises.
5. Xu, C, and Gu, B., (2016). A Review of State-Owned Enterprises from WTO Law Perspective. Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, 2016,23(03): 5-22.
6. Mavroidis, P. C., and Sapir, A., (2021) China and the WTO: An Uneasy Relationship. voxeu.org/article/china-and-wto-uneasy-relationship.
7. Hoekman, B, and Mavroidis, P. C., (2021) WTO Reform: Back to the Past to Build for the Future. Global Policy, vol. 12, no. S3, p. 10.
8. Schneider-Petsinger, M., (2020) Reforming the World Trade Organization. www.chathamhouse.org/2020/09/reforming-world-trade-organization/04-dispute-settlement-crisis.
9. Richards, E., (2009) The Importance of Precedent. https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/map/TheImportanceofPrecedent.html
10. Kasperek, M., (2020) What happened to transatlantic cooperation on WTO reform? https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/what-happened-to-transatlantic-c ooperation-on-wto-reform/.
11. Wolff, A. WM., (2020) WTO reform is both necessary and feasible. https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/ddgaw_24nov20_e.htm.
12. Rahmetov, A., (2019) Is WTO reform feasible? Lessons from political science research. https://www.wti.org/institute/news/589/is-wto-reform-feasible-lessons-from-political-s cience-research/.
13. WTO., (2021) WTO Secretariat budget for 2021. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/secre_e/budget_e.htm.
14. Ahn, D., (2021) Why Reform Is Needed: WTO ‘Public Body’ Jurisprudence. Global Policy, vol. 12, no. S3, 2021, p. 61.
15. Howse, R., (2020) Making the WTO (Not So) Great Again: The Case Against Responding to the Trump Trade Agenda Through Reform of WTO Rules on Subsidies and State Enterprises. Journal of International Economic Law, vol. 23, no. 2, 2020, p. 371.
16. Ikenberry, J., (2011) The Future of the Liberal World Order: Internationalism After America. www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2011-05-01/future-liberal-world-order.
Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Authors who publish this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open Access Instruction).